What types of flame effects are considered high hazard?

Flame effects that project flames or produce large fires close to the audience are categorized as high hazard because they pose significant risks related to fire safety and audience protection. When flames are projected or when large fires are produced in proximity to an audience, the potential for accidental ignition, burns, and other fire-related injuries increases dramatically.

The nature of the flame effects and their proximity to the audience can create an environment that is difficult to control and may lead to chaos in case of an emergency. High hazard flame effects require careful planning, safety measures, and adherence to strict guidelines to ensure that not only the performers but also the audience are kept safe from potential hazards associated with fire.

Other options, such as small candles or birthday cakes, do not present the same level of risk, and while smoke creation can be hazardous, it does not inherently imply the presence of fire. Likewise, the location of use—indoors or otherwise—does not automatically categorize an effect as high hazard without considering the specifics of the flame production and audience proximity. Thus, the emphasis on flame projection and large fires makes option B the correct choice in identifying high hazard flame effects as outlined by NFPA 160.